Managing diabetes in old age

There is an increased risk of diabetes in old age, as a number of factors contribute to its onset in the elderly. Diabetes occurs when blood sugar levels are too high, which can be exacerbated by other conditions and some medications.

Elderly diabetics can take steps to minimise the impact of the condition, but may need to be supported by their loved ones. Small lifestyle changes, eating well and keeping track of symptoms can all contribute to managing elderly-onset diabetes.

Why diabetes is more of a risk in older people

Diabetes onset in the elderly is common due to people’s bodies naturally becoming more insulin resistant as they age. Changes in muscle mass and body composition, as well as a decline in pancreatic function, make it more difficult to regulate blood sugar levels.

What are the symptoms of diabetes in older adults?

Looking out for old age diabetes symptoms is crucial for getting a diagnosis and managing the condition. Some of the things you may notice about an elderly loved one, or they may mention themselves, include:

• Fatigue or uncharacteristic tiredness
• Increased thirst or hunger
• A dry mouth
• Unintentional weight loss
• Urinating more often than usual
• Blurred vision
• Skin infections

Tips to manage diabetes in old age

Managing type 2 diabetes in the elderly consists of lifestyle changes, monitoring the condition and addressing specific symptoms. Balancing all of these elements can feel particularly overwhelming, especially for those who have been newly diagnosed.

Here are some of the things you can do to help manage diabetes in elderly adults:

• Exercising for older people with diabetes is crucial to help control blood glucose levels, weight loss and improve balance and flexibility. The appropriate type of activity will depend on the individual, but encouraging them to move their bodies is a good start.
• Healthy food for elderly diabetics means making it easy for them to make sensible choices.
• Tracking glucose levels with a monitor or meter is important to ensure they remain within a safe range. Seeing how various factors impact these levels should help an elderly diabetic understand the condition and how to adjust elements to prevent complications.
• Health assessments to monitor diabetes in seniors:
  • Eye tests to ensure blood vessels are not damaged and that eye pressure is normal.
  • Cancer screenings, as type 2 diabetes increases the risk of developing liver, pancreatic, colourectal, endometrial and breast cancers.
  • Feet assessments and care, checking for nerve damage, poor circulation and skin problems.
  • Teeth and gum checks for periodontal disease and inflamed, bleeding or receding gums caused by high blood sugar levels.
  • Blood pressure monitoring is necessary as hypertension is much more common in those with diabetes than those without it.
  • Vaccinations should be kept up to date, because the immune systems of diabetics are often weakened due to high blood sugar levels, making them more susceptible to serious complications from infections and viruses. Flu, pneumonia and hepatitis B should be priorities.

How to avoid complications from diabetes

Old age diabetes can be a challenge, but it’s better to take proactive steps to prevent complications before they start than to try to deal with the condition at its worst. Small and large measures can contribute to avoiding problems, such as:

• Stopping smoking
• Decreasing alcohol intake
• Reducing stress wherever possible
• Preventing falls
• Adhering properly to medication guidelines
• Attending regular healthcare appointments
• Taking an individualised approach
• Being aware of potential diabetes medication side effects
• Brushing and flossing teeth regularly
• Moisturising feet and ankles
• Using alarms and pill boxes to keep on top of medications